Briareum is a genus of soft corals in the family Briareidae.The coral is cultivated by aquarium owners (under the common name "green star polyp" or GSP) for its fluorescing polyps, which reveal themselves under actinic light. The genus is in need of extensive examination, as many specimens sold by marketers display unique and similar characteristics, but are often labeled as one species, Pachyclavularia violacea.
Nardoa novaecaledoniae, also known as the Goldtip Starfish, Yellow Mesh Sea Star, or Peach Tip Mesh Sea Star, is a species of sea star in the family Ophidiasteridae. These starfish are found in the Indo-Pacific region, including areas like Australia, Indonesia, and the Philippines.
Key features of Nardoa novaecaledoniae:
Appearance: They are characterized by their vibrant coloration, often with a tan to brown body and golden or peach-colored tips on their arms. The arms can also have white spots on the central disc that get smaller as they move towards the arm tips.
Size: Nardoa novaecaledoniae can grow up to 10 inches (25 cm) in diameter.
Habitat: They typically inhabit shallow, rocky reefs.
Diet: They are omnivores, feeding on algae, small fish, and mussel flesh.
Care: They are not commonly seen in the home aquarium trade and can be sensitive to sudden changes in salinity.
Range: They are found in the Western Pacific Ocean.
The Flame Hawkfish, Neocirrhites armatus, is a vibrant, small to medium-sized hawkfish known for its bright red body and black markings, particularly along the dorsal fin and around the eyes. It's a solitary, territorial species, often seen perching on corals and rocks, observing its environment.
Key characteristics:
Appearance: Bright red with dark markings, especially along the dorsal fin and around the eyes.
Size: Reaches a maximum length of about 9 cm (3.5 inches).
Habitat: Native to the Indo-Pacific region, found near coral reefs with currents.
Behavior: Solitary and territorial, preferring to perch and observe from a vantage point rather than actively swim.
Diet: Carnivorous, feeding on small crustaceans.
Care: Requires a well-oxygenated water environment and can be finicky eaters at first.
Lifespan: Can live for 5 years or more in captivity with proper care.
The Turbo fluctuosa, commonly called the Mexican Turbo Snail or Super Turbo Snail, is a marine gastropod mollusk known for its unique, top-shaped shell and its effectiveness at consuming algae. These snails are popular in reef aquariums due to their ability to quickly remove nuisance algae, including hair algae, from live rock and aquarium glass.
Key characteristics:
Shell: The Turbo fluctuosa has a thick, top-shaped shell with an iridescent interior. The shell can be olivaceous, green, brown, or grayish, with white longitudinal stripes or spots.
Diet: It's a herbivore that feeds primarily on algae, including hair algae, cyanobacteria, and diatoms. It is also known to consume Asparagopsis algae, which can be problematic in reef aquariums.
Behavior: These snails are active both day and night and move slowly over surfaces, grazing on algae. They can bulldoze loose rocks in search of food, so aquariums with well-secured rockwork are recommended.
Aquarium Care: Turbo fluctuosa snails thrive in well-established tanks with plenty of live rock and are compatible with most reef aquarium inhabitants. Adequate calcium levels are needed for shell growth, and supplemental feedings with dried seaweed may be necessary if algae levels are low.
Origin: They are native to the Gulf of California, off the coast of Mexico.
Size: They can grow up to 2 inches in diameter
The Trochus histrio, commonly known as the Banded Trochus Snail, is a marine snail with a pale gray, pyramid-shaped shell adorned with maroon bands. It's a popular choice for reef aquariums due to its algae-eating habits and peaceful nature. These snails are reef-safe, coexisting well with most marine species, and are particularly effective at controlling film, diatom, and hair algae.
Here's a more detailed description:
Appearance:
Shell: The shell is pale gray, pyramid-shaped, and often has maroon bands or stripes.
Size: They are relatively small, typically reaching up to 1.5 inches in length.
Foot: The foot is black, and the underside is off-white/tan.
Behavior and Diet:
Algae-eating:
Trochus histrio snails are herbivores, primarily feeding on various types of algae, including brown, green, hair, and filamentous algae.
Cleaning:
They actively forage for algae on live rocks, glass, and other surfaces, helping to maintain a clean aquarium environment.
Peaceful:
They are peaceful snails and coexist well with most reef aquarium inhabitants.
Supplementation:
In aquariums with limited algae, it's beneficial to supplement their diet with algae wafers or nori sheets.
Care and Maintenance:
Water Parameters:
Maintain stable water conditions with temperatures between 72-78°F (23-26°C), pH levels of 8.1-8.4, and salinity around 1.023-1.025.
Acclimation:
Introduce them to the aquarium gradually using a slow drip acclimation process over 1-2 hours.
Tank Size:
They are suitable for nano tanks or larger setups, with a sandy substrate and rockwork for grazing.
Compatibility:
They are reef-safe and generally compatible with most marine species, but should be avoided with predatory creatures like pufferfish, triggerfish, or aggressive wrasses
Tectus snails, often called turban snails or pyrmaid snails, are marine gastropods known for their distinctive, conical shells. They are found in various parts of the Indo-Pacific Ocean and are a common sight in saltwater aquariums.
Here's a more detailed description:
Shell:
Shape: Conical, sometimes with a pyramidal or turreted appearance.
Color: Typically whitish, grayish, or yellowish, often mottled or marbled with green or brown.
Surface: May have fine oblique wrinkles, spiral rows of beads, or radiating tubercles (rounded protuberances).
Base: Flat and often lirate (marked with concentric ridges).
Aperture: Transverse and rhomboidal (diamond-shaped).
Whorls: Can have 9-14 whorls, which are the spirals of the shell.
Size: Varies between 17 mm and 50 mm,
Other features:
Columella:
A short, vertical structure with a spiral fold, which is a thickening of the shell on the inner wall.
Habitat:
Live in the intertidal zone and shallower waters, often found in holes and crevices of reefs.
Diet:
Herbivorous, feeding on algae and biofilms on rocks and coral reefs.
In aquariums:
Useful for algae control, especially for cleaning live rock and aquarium glass.
Variations:
Different species of Tectus snails exhibit variations in shell color, surface texture, and other features
Haliotis snails, commonly known as abalone, are marine gastropods characterized by their single, smooth, and ear-shaped shell. They have a strong, muscular foot that they use to cling to rocks and other surfaces. The shell exterior is often smooth and covered by the mantle, making encrustations less common. Abalone also have a distinct row of breathing holes on their shell, which can vary in number and shape depending on the species.
Shell Characteristics:
Shape: Oval or elongated, with a relatively flat shell.
Surface: Smooth, with varying degrees of striations or ribs.
Color: Can range from dark green, blue, or black to reddish-brown, olive, or brown, with varying patterns and colors.
Perforations: A series of breathing holes (perforations) on the shell, typically on the left side, allow for water intake.
Inner Surface: Iridescent nacre that lines the inside of the shell, often with shades of pink, red, green, or blue.
Other Features:
Foot: Large, muscular foot used for attachment to substrates and movement.
Radula: A tongue-like band with many small teeth (radula) for scraping algae.
Gills: Symmetrical and well-developed gills for respiration.
Head: Head-lobes are fimbriated, and side-lobes are also fimbriated and cirrated.
Spire: The spire (apex of the shell) can be prominent or concealed, depending on the species
The Strombus dentatus, or toothed conch, is a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Strombidae, known for its distinctive shell. It's a relatively small conch, with a shell length ranging from about 22 to 52mm. The shell has a flaring outer lip with a notch near the anterior end, and is characterized by three pointed projections near the opening. It is found in the Indo-Pacific region, typically at low tide marks.
Here's a more detailed description:
Shell Shape and Size: The shell is relatively small, with a maximum size of 6 cm (male/unsexed). It is elongate and moderately large.
Outer Lip: The outer lip is flared and features a stromboid notch, a key characteristic of the Strombidae family. It also has three pointed projections near the anterior end.
Color: The shell can be cream, orange, or salmon-pink.
Surface: It has a relatively smooth surface, though it can have spines on the body whorl.
Spire: The spire is short and pointed.
Habitat: Strombus dentatus is typically found in shallow, sandy waters, sometimes buried in sand or rubble, on seaward reefs at depths of 5 to 25m.
Distribution: They are found in the Indo-Pacific region, including the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean
Babylonia lutosa, commonly known as the lutose Babylon, is a species of marine gastropod mollusk, or sea snail, belonging to the family Babyloniidae. These snails are characterized by their brown or yellowish-brown shells with darker spiral bands, often reaching up to 4 cm in length. The body of the snail is typically pale yellowish-brown with darker spots. They are nocturnal and burrow into sediment during the day, earning them the nickname "mud snails".
Here's a more detailed description:
Shell: The shell is typically brown or yellowish-brown with darker spiral bands.
Size: It can grow up to 4 cm in length.
Body: The body is usually pale yellowish-brown with darker spots.
Behavior: They are active at night and burrow into sediment during the day.
Habitat: They are found in marine environments, often in muddy or sandy bottoms.
Distribution: Their distribution ranges from Japan to Sri Lanka.
Scientific Classification: They belong to the order Neogastropoda, family Babyloniidae
Mitra papalis, commonly known as the Papal Mitre or Pontifical Mitre, is a species of sea snail in the Mitridae family. These snails are characterized by their large, white shells with vibrant red-orange or purplish blotches, and their overall form resembling a Papal mitre. They can reach lengths of up to 166 millimeters (6.5 inches).
Here's a more detailed description:
Shape:
The shells are elongate to ovate, fusiform, and smooth, lacking axial streaks.
Color:
The shell surface is typically white with small, white nodules under the sutures.
Blotches:
They have several rows of irregular, bright red-orange or purplish blotches.
Aperture:
The aperture is moderately wide and smooth on the inside.
Sutures:
Sutural coronations are present, and the sutures are more adpressed compared to similar species like Mitra stictica.
Similarities to Mitra stictica:
Mitra papalis is similar to Mitra stictica, but it has a longer body form, more adpressed sutures, and wider nodules.
Cyphastrea is a genus of reef-building stony coral, primarily known for its encrusting and plating growth patterns. They are a popular choice for reef aquariums due to their unique appearance and relative hardiness compared to some other Small Polyp Stony (SPS) corals. Cyphastrea corals are known for their vibrant colors and intricate patterns, and they thrive in a variety of tank conditions, making them suitable for both beginner and experienced reef keepers.
Key features of Cyphastrea:
Growth Pattern:
Primarily encrusting or plating, but branching and mobile ball (corallith) forms are also available.
Polyps:
Delicate, star-shaped polyps are spaced out, creating a unique and attractive appearance.
Color:
Cyphastrea corals exhibit a wide range of vibrant colors, including red, blue, green, and brown.
Lighting:
While they can tolerate some higher light, they generally prefer low to moderate light conditions.
Care:
Relatively hardy and forgiving of some tank conditions compared to other SPS corals, making them suitable for both beginner and advanced reef keepers.
Habitat:
Cyphastrea species are found in various reef environments.
Common Species:
Cyphastrea serailia and Cyphastrea microphthalma are common examples.
Aquaculturing:
Cyphastrea corals are increasingly available through aquaculturing, which benefits overall sustainability and coral robustness
Maretia planulata, commonly called the Sea Mouse Urchin or Longspine Heart Urchin, is a species of heart urchin that is known for its algae-eating habits and its role in maintaining a healthy aquarium environment. These urchins are found in sandy, intertidal areas and seagrass beds, typically to depths of 60 meters. They are sediment feeders, meaning they burrow through the substrate and process edible bits of food found within it.
Key characteristics and description:
Appearance: The Sea Mouse Urchin has a distinctive oval shape with a more elongated body than some other urchin species. It has sparse, long spines that are banded brown/orange and white, interspersed with many shorter, moveable white spines.
Size: They grow to about 6 cm in length.
Behavior: They are mainly nocturnal, often only emerging at night.
Diet: They are omnivores and can be supplemented with green feed when algae are not plentiful.
Habitat: They prefer sandy environments and can be found in intertidal zones and seagrass beds.
Reef-safe: They are considered reef-safe and can coexist with other marine life in an aquarium.
